Excerpt from the book “How do you say it in English?” being published by National Book Store
To ─ used to indicate a result . . . degree or extent; for the purpose of
Prove ─ to be shown by later knowledge
- Nag-i-ensayo siya sa ikapiperpekto. — He is practicing to perfection.
- Dumating sila sa ikatutulong sa amin. — They came to our aid.
- Sa ikabibentaha ko ito. — It is to my advantage.
- Lumaban siya sa ikamamartir niya. — He fought to martyrdom/to his martyrdom.
- Sa ikasusorpresa/ikinasorpresa ko, dumating siya kaagad. — To my surprise, he came at once.
- Huwag mo itong ikahiya. — Don’t take it to your own dishonor/discredit/humiliation.
- Baka ikasira mo ang pangingibang-bansa. — Going abroad might prove to your discredit. (Other preference: Going abroad might cause your discredit.)
- Ikasasama mo iyan. — That will be to your harm. (Other preference: That will cause you harm.)
See subtopic C, this chapter
For — as being; in order to have, get, etc.; with the purpose of; given over to
- Inasawa ko si Krisha. — I took Krisha for wife.
- Huwag mo siyang alipinin/gawing alipin. — Don’t take him for a slave. (Other preference: Don’t make him a slave.)
- Ginawang/kinuhang katulong si Dayla. — Dayla was taken for a maid.
See subtopic C, this chapter
Huwag mong ikagalit ang sinabi ko. — Don’t take against me what I said.
Ikakagalit ito ni Edgy. — Edgy could take it against me/him/her/them/us. (Other preference: It will make Edgy angry.)
See subtopic B, this chapter
- Nakapanood ako ng pelikulang Exodus. — I got to see/watch the movie Exodus
See related examples in Chapter 6, number 138
Nakapag-almusal ka na ba? — Have you had your breakfast?
To fix (e.g. one’s mind, purpose or heart) firmly on something; to cause; to be in a specified condition or state; to fix in a desired position; to adjust, regulate
Ang ikinaiiba natin sa mga hayop ay ang dunong natin. — What sets us apart/distinct/different from the beasts is our intellect.
Ikinaganda ng pakiramdam ni Macken ang tugtog sa radyo. — The music from the radio set Macken in good mood.
Lakihan mo ang kuwadro ng larawan. — Set the picture frame larger.
Lakasan/taasan mo ang tunog ng radyo. — Set the volume of the radio louder/higher. (see Turn up the radio, Closing Notes, page 289)
Huwag mong taasan ang pamantayan mo para hindi ka maghinagpis kapag nabigo ka. — Do not set your standard high so that you will not agonize if you fail.
See subtopic B, this chapter
Ikinagalit niya ang pag-alis mo. — Your leaving made her angry.
Present participle of verb
Nakakaputi ang sabong Dactyl. — Dactyl soap is whitening.
Nakakalito ang prinsipyong Lakoniko. — Laconic principle is confusing.
Nakakasira ang kalawanging bakal. — Rusted steel is damaging.
Ang mga sinabi mo ay nakakasama. — What you said are harming.
magpaka ——- go into [trouble]
Huwag kang magpakahirap sa pagbasa. — Don’t go into trouble reading.
To become involved in
Huwag kang magpakatutok masyado sa gawaing iyan. — Don’t get into being too concentrated in that task.
See subtopic B, this chapter
Nasusuri ko ang ibig sabihin ng tagong-mensahe. — I get to analyze the meaning of the crypt message.
Naiintindihan ko ito sa pagdaan ng panahon. — I get to understand it as time passes by.
See subtopic B, this chapter
Naputukan siya. — He got/had been blown on. (Preposition-ending sentence)
Nasagasaan— He got/had been run over. (Preposition-ending)
Naubusan/kinulang siya. — He got/had been short of. or He had run short of.
To cause to do or suffer
Pinapag-alala mo ako sa iyo. — You had me worried about you.
Papaglulutuin mo pa ako. — And then you will have me cook.
Pinapag-isip mo ako. — You had me think. (or You had me thinking.)
To cause to do or suffer
Pinaputol niya ng kahoy ang isang tauhan niya. — He had one of his men cut a tree.
Ipakuha mo ang papel. — Have the paper taken.
See subtopic B, this chapter
Paanurin mo ang bangkang papel. — Get the paper-boat to drift.
Paasintahin– Get Edgar to take good aim.
For the above renditions using get, the actor being commanded by the speaker is to make a purposeful act to cause the paper-boat to drift and to cause Edgar to take a good aim.
But if let is applied, the sentences will have different emphasis, which is the causing of the act without hindrance/impediment/ obstruction, as in “Let Edgar take a good aim.”
Using get, however, may cover the sense of let ; it may generally be applied for either of the two emphases.
Huwag mong ipag-alala ito. — Don’t let it bother you.
Ipagsaya mo ang aking pagkanta. — Let my singing delight you.
Bakit mo ipinagwalang-bahala ang pangyayari? — Why did you let the incident disregarded?
Ipagpasalamat mo ang pagkapasa mo sa board examination. — Let your passing the board examination make you thankful.
Ipagdiwang ninyo ang tagumpay ng inyong mga kababayan. — Let the success of your countrymen make you rejoice.
“Rejoice for the success of your countrymen” is a different rendition. It is for “/magsaya kayo para sa tagumpay ng inyong mga kababayan.”
Huwag mong ipagyabang iyan. — Don’t let that make you boast of/about.
Huwag mong ipagsaya iyan. — Don’t let that make you enjoy.
Other form for ipag (verb) + for
Ipaglinis mo siya ng bahay. — Clean his house for him.
Ipagbukas mo siya ng pinto. — Open the door for him.
Ipagluto mo si Danna. — Cook for Danna.
To cause to come
Makapagpaginhawa kaya ang dala mong toniko? — Will the tonic you have brought bring relief?
Nakapagpalungkot ito sa kaniya. — It brought sadness to her.
Nagdududa na ang mga tao sa intensiyon/pakay ng dayuhan. — The folks begin to doubt the foreigner’s intention.
Nagkakagusto na ako sa anak ni Ginoong Javel. — I begin to have a feeling towards Mr. Javel’s daughter.
Uminom ako ng malamig na tubig kanina, kaya ngayon ay sumasakit na ang ulo ko. — I drank cold water a while ago, so now my head begins to ache.
Having as a condition or state
Nanganganib ang mga bata. — The children are in danger.
Ginaganahan ako ngayon. — I am in appetite now.
Nasa gulo ako ngayon! — I’m in a trouble now!
Gandahan natin ang pagkakadisenyo. — Let us give the design a beautiful look.
Um-spark ka! — Give me a spark!
Baguhin mo ang anyo nito. — Give it a new look.
Pag-isipan mong mabuti. — Give it a thorough thought.
Susubukan ko ang panukala. — I’ll give the proposal a try.